How UTIs Develop and Why the Right Antibiotic Matters A urinary tract infection begins when bacteria enter the urethra and multiply in the bladder. The urinary system is normally sterile, but certain strains of Escherichia coli that live in the gut can adhere to the bladder wall and trigger inflammation. Less often, species of Klebsiella, […]
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Why Antibiotics Can Cause Diarrhea Antibiotic-associated diarrhea is a common side effect of many antibiotic courses. It occurs when the natural balance of bacteria in the digestive tract is disrupted. The intestines contain trillions of microorganisms that help digest food, absorb nutrients, and protect against infection. Antibiotics, while killing harmful bacteria, can also destroy beneficial
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How Antibiotics Affect Gut Bacteria Antibiotics are among the most powerful tools in modern medicine, capable of stopping or killing harmful bacteria that cause infections. Yet while they target disease-causing organisms, antibiotics also affect many of the beneficial microbes that live in the gut. The intestinal microbiota (trillions of bacteria, viruses, and fungi) plays a
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In 2023, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Opill, the first over-the-counter (OTC) daily oral contraceptive pill in American history. For the first time, people can purchase a highly effective hormonal birth control pill without a prescription, medical appointment, or insurance barrier. This milestone in reproductive healthcare gives millions of women and people
The explosion of interest in GLP-1 receptor agonists, most notably semaglutide (Wegovy, Ozempic) and tirzepatide (Zepbound, Mounjaro), has transformed the landscape of obesity treatment. These once-weekly injections, originally developed for diabetes, are now among the most in-demand weight-loss drugs in the United States. Their proven ability to promote sustained weight reduction and improve metabolic health
Until recently, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was widely regarded as a childhood infection. That changed as surveillance revealed its substantial toll on older adults, especially those with heart or lung disease. Each year, RSV is responsible for an estimated 60,000–160,000 hospitalizations and 6,000–10,000 deaths among U.S. adults aged 65 and older. These figures are comparable
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What Amoxicillin Is and How It Works Amoxicillin is one of the most widely used antibiotics in the world. It belongs to the beta-lactams family, a group of drugs known as beta-lactams. All beta-lactam antibiotics share a similar structure that targets the bacterial cell wall, which is vital for the organism’s survival. By disrupting this
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Introduction Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) remains one of the most common and dangerous respiratory infections in early infancy. Nearly every child encounters RSV by the age of two, but for newborns and young babies, especially those under six months, the infection can cause severe bronchiolitis or pneumonia and lead to hospitalization. Each RSV season, which
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Introduction Dengue fever is no longer confined to tropical regions it has become one of the fastest-spreading mosquito-borne diseases worldwide. In 2024, the Americas reported record-breaking case numbers, with the Caribbean and Central America among the hardest-hit regions. According to the CDC, outbreaks are continuing into 2025, with transmission persisting in Puerto Rico, Costa Rica,
Introduction For millions of Americans with diabetes, the cost of staying alive has too often felt impossible. Insulin prices in the U.S. have tripled in the past two decades, forcing many patients to ration doses or skip them entirely. But since 2023, a series of major federal reforms have begun to change that. Thanks to
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